Cleaning For Immunocompromised People

Common Conditions That Compromise the Immune System

Several medical conditions and treatments can significantly weaken a person's immune system, making them highly vulnerable to infection. These include:

• Cancer Treatments: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can destroy immune cells, leaving the body unprotected.

• Organ or Bone Marrow Transplants: Patients on anti-rejection medications to prevent their bodies from attacking the new organ or marrow have a suppressed immune system.

• Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, or Multiple Sclerosis, and their treatments, can weaken the immune system's ability to respond to threats.

• HIV/AIDS: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) directly attacks and destroys immune cells.

• Chronic Diseases: Conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or advanced liver disease can also impair immune function.

A Professional Guide to Preparing a Home for Recovery

Creating a safe recovery space for a person with a compromised immune system requires a systematic approach to cleaning and environmental control. Here are the key steps:

1. Addressing Common IAQ Contaminants

The air a patient breathes is a primary route for infection. Addressing common indoor air pollutants is crucial for a smooth recovery.

• Particulate Matter (PM2.5): These tiny particles, from sources like dust, smoke, and exhaust, can be inhaled deep into the lungs. They can trigger inflammation and weaken the body's local immune defenses, making it harder to fight off viruses and bacteria.

• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Chemicals from new paint, furniture, and cleaning products can irritate the respiratory system, causing headaches and making the patient more susceptible to infections.

• Mold: Mold spores are a major health risk. In a patient with a compromised immune system, inhaling mold spores can lead to a serious, difficult-to-treat fungal infection, particularly in the lungs.

2. Optimizing the Physical Environment

• Deep Cleaning the Home: This goes beyond a standard surface wipe-down. The focus is on removing as many contaminants as possible. Thoroughly clean and disinfect all high-touch surfaces daily. Vacuum carpets frequently using a vacuum with a HEPA filter to trap fine particles and allergens. For hard floors, use a damp mop to capture dust instead of just pushing it around.

• Humidity Control: Maintain a relative humidity level between 40% and 60%. Low humidity can dry out a person's mucous membranes, making them more susceptible to respiratory infections. High humidity can encourage the growth of mold and dust mites, which are major allergens and can be a source of infection. A humidifier or dehumidifier may be necessary to keep the humidity within the optimal range.

• Limiting Sources of Contamination: Common sources of germs need to be addressed. While pets are family, they can carry germs; it's often recommended to keep them out of the patient's immediate living and sleeping areas. Additionally, remove houseplants from the patient's room as mold can grow in their soil.

3. Enhancing Air Filtration and Ventilation

• Air Purifiers: Use an air purifier with a HEPA filter in the patient's bedroom and living area. These filters can capture at least 99.97% of airborne particles, including bacteria, viruses, and mold spores.

• Ventilation: Ensure there is a constant supply of fresh air. This can be done by opening windows for a short period when weather permits, or by using a mechanical ventilation system to exchange stale indoor air with fresh, filtered outdoor air.

By following these guidelines, you can create a safe, clean environment that supports the patient's recovery and significantly reduces the risk of infection during a critical time in their treatment.